- eDiscovery - Concept-based search technologies are increasingly being used for Electronic Document Discovery (EDD or eDiscovery) to help enterprises prepare for litigation. In eDiscovery, the ability to cluster, categorize, and search large collections of unstructured text on a conceptual basis is much more efficient than traditional linear review techniques. Concept-based searching is becoming accepted as a reliable and efficient search method that is more likely to produce relevant results than keyword or Boolean searches.
- Enterprise Search and Enterprise Content Management (ECM) - Concept search technologies are being widely used in enterprise search. As the volume of information within the enterprise grows, the ability to cluster, categorize, and search large collections of unstructured text on a conceptual basis has become essential. In 2004 the Gartner Group estimated that professionals spend 30 percent of their time searching, retrieving, and managing information.The research company IDC found that a 2,000-employee corporation can save up to $30 million per year by reducing the time employees spend trying to find information and duplicating existing documents.
- Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) - Content-based approaches are being used for the semantic retrieval of digitized images and video from large visual corpora. One of the earliest content-based image retrieval systems to address the semantic problem was the ImageScape search engine. In this system, the user could make direct queries for multiple visual objects such as sky, trees, water, etc. using spatially positioned icons in a WWW index containing more than ten million images and videos using keyframes. The system used information theory to determine the best features for minimizing uncertainty in the classification.The semantic gap is often mentioned in regard to CBIR. The semantic gap refers to the gap between the information that can be extracted from visual data and the interpretation that the same data have for a user in a given situation.The ACM SIGMM Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval is dedicated to studies of CBIR.
- Multimedia and Publishing - Concept search is used by the multimedia and publishing industries to provide users with access to news, technical information, and subject matter expertise coming from a variety of unstructured sources. Content-based methods for multimedia information retrieval (MIR) have become especially important when text annotations are missing or incomplete.
- Digital Libraries and Archives - Images, videos, music, and text items in digital libraries and digital archives are being made accessible to large groups of users (especially on the Web) through the use of concept search techniques. For example, the Executive Daily Brief (EDB), a business information monitoring and alerting product developed by EBSCO Publishing, uses concept search technology to provide corporate end users with access to a digital library containing a wide array of business content. In a similar manner, the Music Genome Project spawned Pandora, which employs concept searching to spontaneously create individual music libraries or virtual radio stations.
- Genomic Information Retrieval (GIR) - Genomic Information Retrieval (GIR) uses concept search techniques applied to genomic literature databases to overcome the ambiguities of scientific literature.
- Human Resources Staffing and Recruiting - Many human resources staffing and recruiting organizations have adopted concept search technologies to produce highly relevant resume search results that provide more accurate and relevant candidate resumes than loosely related keyword results.
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